Europeans Arrive
The Dutch and the French
The French and Indian War
It was not long after the Treaty of Fort Stanwix that difficulties arose. British expansion continued, and settlers pressed westward despite the treaty. Border disputes engendered violence between Native Americans and settlers.
American Revolution
The troops came from New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, and
included Oneida Indians, as well.
Sept. 20 – This day a
detachment of six hundred men with a sufficiency of officers under the command
of General Wm. Butler were sent into the Cayuga country, with which detachment
I was ordered. They marched from Cannadesago [aka Kanedesaga, see above] at 3
o’clock p.m. Marched this day eight miles to an Indian town by the name of
Scawyace where about eight acres of corn was destroyed.
Sept. 21 – The detachment
marched this morning at 7 o’clock a.m. sixteen and a half miles to a small
Indian settlement one and a half miles short of Cayuga Castle [part of Goigouen]
where we encamped for the night. At eight and a half miles crossed the outlet
of Cayuga, which in breadth was about seventy perches, and more than middle
deep to the men. Near the outlet we destroyed two Indian houses. The name of
the place Choharo and destroyed on the lake in different places __ houses and –
acres of corn, but saw no enemy. The general course since we crossed the
outlet, nearly south, the road not more than half a mile from the lake at
farthest, the land middling.
Sept. 22, 1779 – Marched this
day at 6 o’clock a.m. two miles to the Cayuga Castle, an Indian town of that
name containing in number about 15 very large square log houses. I think the
building superior to any yet have seen. [Here] cattle were killed and three
days beef issued to the troops. The fatigue parties were sent to destroy the
corn to the amount of 110 acres, though not all destroyed this day. Two other
towns were discovered, one twenty-three and a half miles from Seneca Lake,
which we called Upper Cayuga, containing fourteen large houses, the other about
two miles east of the castle which we called Cayuga, containing thirteen
houses. The troops were all employed this day in destroying corn till after
dark. We found at this town apples, peaches, potatoes, turnips, inions, pumpkins,
squashes, and vegetables of various kinds and great plenty.
Sept. 23, 1779, this day the
troops were employed till 3 o’clock p.m. finishing the destruction of the corn
and burning the aforementioned towns within. Marched five miles to an Indian town
by the name of Chandot or Peach Town, remarkable for a large peach orchard
containing [1500] fine thriving peach trees, likewise…acres of corn. This town
contained about twelve or fifteen houses chiefly old buildings. Part of the
corn was destroyed this evening.
Sept. 24, 1779 – This morning
the troops were employed in finishing the destruction of the corn and peach
trees. At 10 o’clock a.m. fire was set to this town and the detachment went off
the ground. Marched this day sixteen and a half miles and encamped on a
pleasant hill near a fine creek about one hour after dark. The land we passed
this day well-timbered, and the soil very good, but very scarce of water. Nine
miles from Chondote we crossed a stream of water which fell over rocks eight
feet perpendicular. Three miles from [this] we crossed a second stream which
fell about fifty feet perpendicular, which empty themselves into Cayuga Lake.
Saw no enemy this day.[16]
Sept. 25, 1779 – Marched this
morning about 6 o’clock and encamped at an Indian town three and a half miles
above Cayuga Lake. The town appeared to be just consumed, supposed to be burnt
by a detachment from General Sullivan’s army. The town was situated on a rising
ground in a large, beautiful valley. The soil equal to or rather superior to
any in the country, through which runs several fine streams of water, the first
a creek about four poles wide, which falls from the mountain on the east side
of the valley about 120 feet perpendicular into which creek three other streams
empty, the second creek is the principal supply of the Cayuga Lake navigable
for large canoes or boats to the town.
Another expedition, under the
command of Col. Goose Van Schaick, coming from Fort Stanwix in the east, sought
to destroy the settlements of Senecas in Pennsylvania and the Onondagas in
Central New York. [17] That
expedition began assembling troops on 16 April. Earlier, 63 Oneida Indians had
asked to join the expedition. On 18 April, Van Schaik’s 558 soldiers, and the
63 Oneidas, headed west.
We took thirty-three Indians
and one white man prisoner, and killed twelve Indians. The whole of their
settlement, Consisting of about fifty houses, a large quantity of Corn and
Beans were burnt, a number of fine horses & every other kind of Stock we
found were killed. About an hundred Guns, some of which were rifles, was among
the plunder, the whole of which after the men had loaded themselves with as
much as they could Carry was destroyed with a Considerable Quantity of
ammunition; one swivel stake at the Council house had the Trunions broke off,
and was otherwise damaged, in dine their destruction of all their settlements
was complete.
They arrived back at Fort
Stanwix on April 24.
The treaty was particularly hard on the Six Nations, except for the Oneidas and Tuscaroras, who had been loyal to the colonial army. The Six Nations ceded their lands west and north of the boundary line of the 1768 Fort Stanwix Treaty. It did, however recognized the sovereignty of the Six Nations, and reserve land for them. The Treaty promised that the US Government would protect that land, a promise that was not kept.[20]
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[5] “New
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[10]
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[11] Cuttler,
Jeffrey L, “The Iroquois Nations and the French and Indian War,” Suite-101.com – Colonial America, 4 May 2010, http://colonial-america.suite101.com/article.cfm/the_iroquois
[12]
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Accessed 7 February 2022.
[13] Flick,
Alexander C., editor, History of the
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[14] Brooks,
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[15]
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against the Iroquois, July-September 1779, Columbia, SC: University of
South Carolina Press, 1997.
[16] Hardenbergh,
John L., McKendry, William, Griffis, William Elliott, et al, “Part of Thomas
Grant’s Journal,” Narratives of Sullivan’s Expedition Ag9ainst the Four
Nations of the Iroquois & Loyalists by the Continental Army, Leonaur
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[17]
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National Monument, New York, https://www.nps.gov/fost/learn/historyculture/the-western-expedition-against-the-six-nations-1779.htm,
accessed 7 February 2022.
[18]
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Stanwix National Monument, New York, https://www.nps.gov/fost/learn/historyculture/the-van-schaick-expedition-april-1779.htm,
accessed 7 February 2022.
[19] Morgan,
Lewis Henry, The League of the
Hau-De-No-Sau-Nee or Iroquois, New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1922
[20]
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National Monument, New York, https://www.nps.gov/fost/learn/historyculture/treaty-landtransaction-1784.htm
accessed 7 February 2022
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